A pronoun is: “a word that takes the place of a noun.”

For example: Despite the alleged danger of amalgams, they are still being used in the modern clinic (bold is the pronoun).

There are many different types of pronouns: personal, possessive, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, relative, interrogative, indefinite and reciprocal.

Personal: In English, personal pronouns are separated into three cases: subjective, objective and possessive.

Subjective case: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
Objective case: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
Possessive case: my, mine, your, yours, his, hers, her, its, our, ours, your, yours, their, theirs

To that end, a second draft of said statement is – as we speak – being formulated (http://pre.ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique/initiatives/revised-revisee/Default/). Since the federal government has once again attempted to formulate an agreement, here are some of its principle parts (selected):

(1) Ethics Framework – Chapter 1 (a) The Importance of Research and Research Ethics (b) Core Principles (c) How to Apply this Policy

(2) Scope and Approach – Chapter 2 (a) Scope of Ethics Review (b) Approach to REB Review

(3) Consent (a) General Principles (b) Departure from General Principles of Consent (c) Capacity and (d) Consent Shall Be Documented

(4) Fairness and Equity in Research Participation (a) Introduction (b) Appropriate Inclusion (c) Inappropriate Exclusion and (d) Inappropriate Inclusion

CIHR, NSERC & SSHRC. (2008, December). Tri-Council policy statement: Ethical conduct for research involving humans (2nd ed.). Retrieved January 18, 2010, from http://pre.ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique/initiatives/revised-revisee/Default/

A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that does not point clearly to the word or words it is intended to modify.

e.g. Caries are a growing problem in today’s society

which stems from the abuse of sugar

Correct version: Caries, which stems from the abuse of sugar, are a growing problem in today’s society.

Modified from:

Finnbogason, J., & Valleau, A. (2002). A Canadian writer’s pocket guide (2nd ed.). —–>Scarborough, ON: Thomson Nelson. (p. 70).

“…the system as a whole determin[ing] in a way how the parts behave” (Wikipedia, 2009, para1).

They also add that properties of a given system cannot be determined by its component parts.

Holism, the study of holisitics, has several applications. Here is a list of just a few of them.

(1) Architecture: creates a design perspective

(2) Education: for creating higher-level testing

(3) and we would add, Dental Hygiene: a way to link oral care, biological, sociological and psychological and cultural factors together

Wikipedia. (2009, November 16th). Holism. Retrieved December 18th, 2009, from

—->http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holism

Here is the solution:

(1) DO NOT use Internet Explorer – stick with Firefox (a valuable lesson for searching if there ever was one).

(2) In PubMed, using the MeSH database, search for herpes simplex; send it to the Search Box with AND.

(3) Also in PubMed, using the MeSH database, search for etiology; send it to the search box with AND.

(4) Click on Advanced Search, located in the Upper Middle portion of your screen.

(5) Scroll down the screen until you hit the Limits section – apply the Limits listed on the paper by clicking on the radio buttons.

(6) You should get eight results.

If you have any further questions about this, don’t hesitate to ask me. My thanks to Ashley, Holly, Larissa, Rebecca and Laura for spotting this difficulty. See you in class next week.

Colons are used after an independent clause to introduce a list,quotation, or an explanation.

(1) List Example – This week’s clinic requires the following: lab coat, mask, instruments, and antiseptic soap.

(2) Quotation Example – Benjamin Disraeli once said: “There are lies, damned lies, and statistics.”

(3) Explanation Example – The reason for student discontent during the exam period is simple: stress.

Based on: Finnbogason, J., & Valleau, A. (2002). A Canadian writer’s pocket guide. —->Scarborough, ON: Nelson. (pp. 97-98).

We agreed:

(1) they reach a wider audience

(2) are easier to read

(3) can be published in scholarly or academic publications (i.e. journals), as well as in newspapers and magazines

(4) can be very provocative

We are also argued that Letters to the Editor can be “looked down” upon on account of their (often unjust) reputation as being substandard or inconsequential.

Did you know?

(1) Modern Letters to the Editor (LTEs) originated in mid-eighteenth century America?

(2) Have strict word limits (often 200 to 500 words)

(3) Were, until the 1970s, typically submitted anonymously

(4) Are present in other forms of media (Internet, television, radio)

Wikipedia. (2009, September 16). Retrieved October 27, 2009, from

—>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letters_to_the_editor

If you require a review of PICO and its concepts, please go to the site listed below.

University of Washington. (c2009). Well-built clinical questions using PICO.

—>Retrieved October 22, 2009, from http://healthlinks.washington.edu

—>/ebp/pico.html

I am also, as always, available for help if you need it. Good luck.

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